{"id":"france","rid":"FR","name":"France","flag":"🇫🇷","group":"europe","type":"market","parent":null,"regions":null,"tier_range":null,"tier":2,"tier_name":"Strong","score":66,"pillar_score":69,"pillar_tier":2,"pillar_tier_name":"Strong","reliability":{"assessed":true,"level":"watch","dock":3,"provisional":false,"confidence":"High","delivery_transmission":{"level":"none"},"delivery_distribution":{"level":"none"},"forward_capacity":{"level":"watch","measure":"event-based","note":"The nuclear fleet showed a real availability vulnerability in 2022, when stress-corrosion inspections took about a dozen reactors offline and cut output. It has since recovered strongly (nuclear up about 41 TWh in 2024, RTE sees no near-term risk), so this is a monitored tail risk, not a current shortfall.","sources":[{"label":"France nuclear recovery 2024 (EIA)","url":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=65785"}]},"read":"Minor flags found","level_means":"reviewed; flags found"},"reliability_dock":3,"regulatory_momentum":{"level":"favourable","direction":"stable","why":"France runs a dedicated fast-track for very large consumers on state-designated sites with active RTE coordination, the most open of the big Western European markets.","what_would_change_it":"The fast-track slowing, or available capacity on favoured sites tightening.","scope":"The regulatory and permitting environment for connecting a new large load. An opinion on a dated record, not a measurement.","vocabulary_version":"regulatory-momentum-1.0","beyond_the_grid":{"text":"Water and heat permitting are tightening even under the fast-track: French law now requires large data centres to valorise their waste heat, a Senate bill would add charges for heavy water use and more local control, and RTE steers investment away from areas where local opposition is likely.","sources":[{"label":"Bracewell","url":"https://www.bracewell.com/resources/building-data-centers-in-france-navigating-regulatory-hurdles-and-unlocking-growth/"},{"label":"DCD","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/france-considers-law-to-curb-data-center-developments/"}]},"for_new_supply":"EDF is marketing ex-thermal sites with strong grid connection for new build, and the nuclear-heavy system favors firm low-carbon supply."},"scheduled_changes":null,"queue":null,"friction":{"level":"Moderate","wait":"3-4 years (fast track)","measure":"measured","has_detail":true},"connection_pathway":null,"service_evidence":{"contractual_service_held":false,"local_capacity_state":"not_assessed","local_capacity_depth":0,"cost_basis":"triangulated","territory_count":0},"reliability_metrics":null,"forward_cost":null,"tariff":null,"realized_cost":{"low_usd_per_mwh":88,"mid_usd_per_mwh":102,"high_usd_per_mwh":122,"aggregation":"band","estimate_usd_per_mwh":null,"estimate_kind_note":null,"total_derivation":"compiled_band_allocated_across_categories","total_derivation_note":"The band is the compiled result and the component lines apportion its midpoint, which is why they sum exactly.","tariff_basis":null,"scenarios":null,"confidence":"triangulated","public_fragments":2,"contributed_points":0,"basis":"USD per MWh recurring, delivered to the standard 100 MW high-load-factor case, excluding customer-funded connection capital and excluding refundable taxes","cost_components":[{"name":"Nuclear-anchored energy","usd_per_mwh":76,"source":null,"provenance":{"provenance_state":"estimated_allocation","provenance_state_label":"Estimated allocation","provenance_state_means":"Apportioned from a compiled total or midpoint by analyst judgement. 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Its value was not separately observed.","source_of_band_not_line":"EU electricity price components (Eurostat)","source_url_of_band_not_line":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics","band_as_of":"2026","customer_applicability":"100 MW contracted demand, 95% load factor, HV service","band_confidence":"triangulated","as_of":"2026","method":"analyst apportionment of the compiled midpoint across categories, covering transmission, distribution in one line","confidence":"bundled_allocation","confidence_note":"Apportioned, and covering more than one cost category in a single line. Neither the total nor the split within it was separately observed.","covers_categories":["transmission","distribution"],"corroborated_by":null,"state_vocabulary_version":"provenance-state-1.0","what_would_upgrade_it":"A separately sourced figure for this category with its own date, method and confidence. Until then the band's provenance establishes the total only, not this line.","version":"line-provenance-1.1"},"evidence":"estimated_allocation"},{"name":"Taxes & levies","usd_per_mwh":6,"source":null,"provenance":{"provenance_state":"estimated_allocation","provenance_state_label":"Estimated allocation","provenance_state_means":"Apportioned from a compiled total or midpoint by analyst judgement. Not independently calculated, and not corroborated by anything outside the band it came from.","derivation":"allocation_of_compiled_midpoint","derivation_note":"This line apportions the compiled midpoint. Its value was not separately observed.","source_of_band_not_line":"EU electricity price components (Eurostat)","source_url_of_band_not_line":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics","band_as_of":"2026","customer_applicability":"100 MW contracted demand, 95% load factor, HV service","band_confidence":"triangulated","as_of":"2026","method":"analyst apportionment of the compiled midpoint across categories","confidence":"allocation","confidence_note":"Apportioned from the compiled delivered-cost midpoint by analyst judgement. Not separately observed.","covers_categories":["taxes"],"corroborated_by":null,"state_vocabulary_version":"provenance-state-1.0","what_would_upgrade_it":"A separately sourced figure for this category with its own date, method and confidence. Until then the band's provenance establishes the total only, not this line.","version":"line-provenance-1.1"},"evidence":"estimated_allocation"}],"component_status":{"arithmetic_integrity":true,"evidence_reconciliation":"not_independently_reconciled","independently_sourced_lines":0,"total_lines":3,"bundled":[],"text":"The delivered-cost band is the compiled result. The component lines are an estimated allocation of its midpoint, not separately observed figures.","provenance_summary":{"by_state":{"estimated_allocation":3},"usd_by_state":{"estimated_allocation":102},"evidenced_share_pct":0,"lines_awaiting_evidence":["Nuclear-anchored energy","Network charges","Taxes & levies"],"what_would_close_them":"A separately sourced or tariff-derived figure for each category, with its own date, method and confidence. Until then the band's provenance establishes the total only, not these lines.","version":"provenance-state-1.0"},"category_coverage":{"energy":{"status":"unavailable","missing_evidence":"No wholesale or tariff energy figure is held for this market."},"capacity":{"status":"unavailable","missing_evidence":"No capacity or resource adequacy figure is held for this market."},"transmission":{"status":"bundled","line":"Network charges","combined_with":["distribution"],"line_is_sourced":false,"line_provenance_state":"estimated_allocation","source":null,"source_url":null,"effective":null,"formula":null,"missing_evidence":"A separate transmission figure, or a sourced apportionment of the Network charges line."},"distribution":{"status":"bundled","line":"Network charges","combined_with":["transmission"],"line_is_sourced":false,"line_provenance_state":"estimated_allocation","source":null,"source_url":null,"effective":null,"formula":null,"missing_evidence":"A separate distribution figure, or a sourced apportionment of the Network charges line."},"demand_charges":{"status":"unavailable","missing_evidence":"No demand charges figure is held for this market."},"ancillary":{"status":"unavailable","missing_evidence":"No ancillary services and uplift figure is held for this market."},"riders":{"status":"unavailable","missing_evidence":"No riders and unavoidable regulatory charges figure is held for this market."},"carbon":{"status":"unavailable","missing_evidence":"No carbon-related charges figure is held for this market."},"taxes":{"status":"estimated","line":"Taxes & levies","missing_evidence":"An independently sourced recurring taxes figure with its own date, method and confidence."},"connection_capital":{"status":"not_applicable","reason":"Outside the recurring $/MWh boundary by definition."}},"category_vocabulary_version":"cost-categories-1.0","capacity_cross_check":null,"method_version":"cost-components-1.0"},"component_source":["EU electricity price components (Eurostat)","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics"]},"cost_availability":{"label":"Standardized cost observable","means":"A comparable recurring-cost band can be built from observable, applicable inputs for the standard archetype.","user_action":"Use the band, with its stated confidence and boundary.","class":"standardized_observable","band_published":true},"cost_evidence_state":{"state":"applicable_evidence_incomplete","answerable":"conditionally","label":"Applicable, evidence incomplete","means":"The archetype can buy the service and the band is sound, but some published figures do not yet carry their own source, date, method and confidence.","remedy":"Finish the per-line provenance. No new access or negotiation is required.","also_holds":[],"vocabulary_version":"evidence-state-1.0"},"jurisdiction_evidence":null,"cost_structure":null,"cost_withdrawn":null,"cost_correction":null,"carbon_correction":null,"carbon_official_reference":null,"partial_cost_verified":null,"cost_pillar_calculation":null,"evidence":{"source_reliability":"Moderate","coverage":"Full","coverage_dimensions":3,"last_reviewed":"June 2026","measured_layers":1,"data_layers":3,"layers":[{"layer":"PGIQ Rating opinion","method":"opinion","vintage":"June 2026","freshness":"Current","source_url":"https://powergridiq.com/methodology"},{"layer":"Reliability review","method":"assessed","vintage":"2025","freshness":"Fresh","source_url":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=65785"},{"layer":"Connection friction","method":"measured","vintage":"2025/26","freshness":"Fresh","source_url":"https://www.bracewell.com/resources/building-data-centers-in-france-navigating-regulatory-hurdles-and-unlocking-growth/"},{"layer":"Realized cost","method":"triangulated","vintage":"2026","freshness":"Fresh","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2026/prices"}]},"outlook":"Positive","confidence":"High","under_review":false,"thesis":"Nuclear-backed firm, clean power, a proven Paris hub, and a national push to pair AI with nuclear. Delivered power cost is the one real drawback; access and firm clean supply are the strengths.","pillars":{"access":68,"availability":78,"cost":56,"momentum":72,"carbon":95},"pillar_rationale":{"access":"Workable RTE connection; the state is actively courting AI/compute.","availability":"High availability from a large nuclear fleet (~65% of generation).","cost":"Higher cost than the Nordics.","momentum":"High momentum: Paris is a FLAP-D hub.","carbon":"Very clean (~40 g), nuclear-led."},"offtake_opportunity_index":83,"demand_hunger":45,"build_feasibility":71,"supplier_signals":{"bess_arbitrage_usd_mwh":22,"bess_arbitrage_pct":40,"solar_capture_pct":104,"wind_capture_pct":99},"outlook_drivers":{"upgrade":["The national AI-power agenda converts to operating capacity.","Nuclear new-build and renewables keep supply firm and clean."],"downgrade":["Power cost stays high.","Nuclear-fleet availability dips."]},"risks":["Power cost.","Nuclear-fleet maintenance cycles."],"peers":{"like":"Sweden (clean, firm, open)","ahead":"on firm low-carbon supply","behind":"Nordics on cost"},"sources":[{"label":"French electricity review, RTE","url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2024/keyfindings"}],"latest_action":{"date":"June 2026","type":"New rating","note":"New rating: Tier 2 Strong assigned.","trigger":null},"grid":{"price_usd_mwh":55,"carbon_intensity_g":40,"renewable_pct":27,"renewable_generation_share_pct":27,"low_carbon_generation_share_pct":95,"fuel_mix":{"nuclear":68,"hydro":12,"wind":8,"solar":5,"gas":5,"biofuel":2},"demand_mw":51000,"capacity_mw":130000,"imports_mw":1000,"exports_mw":8000,"firm_capacity_mw":null,"firm_capacity_availability":"insufficient_evidence","firm_capacity_basis":null,"est_peak_mw":73950,"firm_headroom_mw":null,"firm_headroom_availability":"dependency_unavailable","peak_stress_pct":null,"peak_stress_availability":"dependency_unavailable","adequacy_required_input":"capacity_mix_mw with a declared basis, or an official dependable or accredited capacity from the operator","price_cycle":"nuclear","price_basis":"not_reviewed","price_absent_reason":null,"price_source":"modelled-baseline","price_as_of":null,"price_vintage":"undated_modelled_baseline","price_is_live":false,"carbon_intensity_unit":"gCO2eq/kWh","carbon_measurement_boundary":"operational_combustion","carbon_calculation_method":"structural_estimate","carbon_emission_factor_source":null,"carbon_basis_withdrawn":true,"carbon_imports_treatment":"not_accounted","carbon_provenance_state":"structural","carbon_decision_eligibility":"insufficient_evidence","carbon_confidence":"low","source":"modelled-baseline"},"evidence_depth":{"use_case":"project_case","use_case_label":"Standardized Project Case","overall":"M2 Compiled","overall_permits":"Compiled from cited sources: supports investor and institutional analysis.","insufficient_evidence":false,"unassessed_required_fields":[],"project_ready":false,"blocking_fields":["connection","reliability"],"fields":{"cost":"M3 Project-ready","connection":"M2 Compiled","reliability":"M2 Compiled","carbon":"M2 Compiled","regulatory":"M2 Compiled","local_capacity":"not_assessed"},"by_use_case":{"discovery":{"label":"Discovery and monitoring","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M2 Compiled","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["connection"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"market_comparison":{"label":"Market comparison","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M2 Compiled","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["connection","reliability"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"project_case":{"label":"Standardized Project Case","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M2 Compiled","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["connection","reliability"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"project_case_carbon":{"label":"Project Case with a carbon requirement","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M2 Compiled","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["connection","reliability","carbon"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"site_diligence":{"label":"Conditional site diligence","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"not_assessed","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["connection","reliability","local_capacity"],"insufficient_evidence":true,"why":"not assessed here: local capacity"}},"reliability_layers":{"bulk_historical":{"state":"unknown","method":null},"forward_adequacy":{"state":"held","method":"event-based"},"local_delivery":{"state":"unknown","method":null},"contractual_service":{"state":"unknown","method":null},"designed_site_resilience":{"state":"unknown","method":null}},"definition_version":"carbon_scope@1.0;connection_process@1.0;cost_archetype@1.0;evidence_tiers@1.0;reliability_layers@1.0","scale":"M1 broad / M2 compiled / M3 project-ready / M4 local; cumulative, so each tier includes the ones below it. Assigned per field from held evidence with provenance. Not a rating strength, confidence score or feasibility conclusion."},"next_review":"2027-04-15","report_url":"https://powergridiq.com/rating/france","as_of":"June 2026","evidence_layers":{"version":"evidence-layers-1.0","band":{"state":"independently_compiled","label":"Independently compiled","means":"The band is assembled from multiple sourced, dated and applicable published figures. It is not a single benchmark and it is not a tariff reconstruction.","reproducible":"partially"},"component":{"total_lines":3,"reproducible_lines":0,"states":["estimated_allocation"],"all_lines_are_estimated_allocations":true,"independently_reproducible":false,"illustrative":true,"notice":"Illustrative allocation of the compiled midpoint. Component lines are not separately sourced and should not be interpreted as observed tariff charges.","notice_short":"Illustrative allocation — lines not separately sourced","vocabulary_version":"evidence-layers-1.0"},"cost_pillar":{"state":"analyst_assessment","label":"Analyst assessment","means":"The score is a judgement recorded with a written cost-specific rationale. It is not calculated from a formula and does not claim to be.","reproducible":false},"layers_are_independent":"Band, component and cost-pillar evidence are separate judgments. A market may have a sound, applicable band and an illustrative component breakdown at the same time. Do not read a component-evidence limitation as a statement about the band."}}