{"id":"thailand","rid":"TH","name":"Thailand","flag":"🇹🇭","group":"asia","type":"market","parent":null,"regions":null,"tier_range":null,"tier":3,"tier_name":"Workable","score":54,"pillar_score":58,"pillar_tier":3,"pillar_tier_name":"Workable","reliability":{"assessed":true,"level":"watch","dock":4,"provisional":false,"confidence":"Med","delivery_transmission":{"level":"watch","measure":"modelled","note":"The Eastern Economic Corridor grid was built for conventional industry, not concentrated hyperscale load; EGAT is investing tens of billions of baht to upgrade transmission, so delivery to the largest campuses is the binding constraint.","sources":[{"label":"EGAT grid upgrade for data centres (The Nation)","url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/news/policy/40058561"}]},"delivery_distribution":{"level":"none"},"forward_capacity":{"level":"none"},"read":"Minor flags found","level_means":"reviewed; flags found"},"reliability_dock":4,"regulatory_momentum":{"level":"favourable","direction":"improving","why":"A 2,000 MW direct-PPA pilot is opening for data centres and EGAT is investing to upgrade the Eastern Economic Corridor transmission bottleneck.","what_would_change_it":"The direct-PPA pilot stalling or the EGAT transmission upgrades slipping.","scope":"The regulatory and permitting environment for connecting a new large load. An opinion on a dated record, not a measurement.","vocabulary_version":"regulatory-momentum-1.0","beyond_the_grid":{"text":"Water is the sharpest non-grid constraint: over 65 percent of projects cluster in the Eastern Economic Corridor, whose main reservoirs are officially classed as critically stressed in the dry season, and farmers and fishers have raised water-scarcity and consultation concerns as authorities explore desalination.","sources":[{"label":"Mongabay","url":"https://news.mongabay.com/2026/03/thai-data-center-boom-sparks-fears-of-water-shortage-air-pollution/"},{"label":"Business & Human Rights Centre","url":"https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/thailand-communities-voice-concerns-of-water-scarcity-pollution-and-lack-of-transparency-over-data-center-construction-incl-cos-responses-and-non-respones/"}]},"for_new_supply":"A 2,000 MW direct-PPA pilot opens a route for new private generation to sell straight to data centers, with EGAT transmission upgrades behind it."},"scheduled_changes":[{"date":"2026","event":"EGAT transmission upgrades and the 2,000 MW direct-PPA pilot advance","why":"Both target the transmission bottleneck that gates the largest EEC hyperscale campuses.","source":{"label":"EGAT grid upgrade for data centres (The Nation)","url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/news/policy/40058561"}}],"queue":null,"friction":{"level":"Moderate","wait":"2-4 years","measure":"proxy","has_detail":true},"connection_pathway":null,"service_evidence":{"contractual_service_held":false,"local_capacity_state":"not_assessed","local_capacity_depth":0,"cost_basis":"administered","territory_count":0},"reliability_metrics":null,"forward_cost":null,"tariff":null,"realized_cost":{"low_usd_per_mwh":90,"mid_usd_per_mwh":105,"high_usd_per_mwh":125,"aggregation":"band","estimate_usd_per_mwh":null,"estimate_kind_note":null,"total_derivation":"compiled_band_allocated_across_categories","total_derivation_note":"The band is the compiled result and the component lines apportion its midpoint, which is why they sum exactly.","tariff_basis":null,"scenarios":null,"confidence":"administered","public_fragments":1,"contributed_points":0,"basis":"USD per MWh recurring, delivered to the standard 100 MW high-load-factor case, excluding customer-funded connection capital and excluding refundable taxes"},"cost_availability":{"label":"Standardized cost observable","means":"A comparable recurring-cost band can be built from observable, applicable inputs for the standard archetype.","user_action":"Use the band, with its stated confidence and boundary.","class":"standardized_observable","band_published":true},"cost_evidence_state":{"state":"applicable_evidence_incomplete","answerable":"conditionally","label":"Applicable, evidence incomplete","means":"The archetype can buy the service and the band is sound, but some published figures do not yet carry their own source, date, method and confidence.","remedy":"Finish the per-line provenance. No new access or negotiation is required.","also_holds":[],"vocabulary_version":"evidence-state-1.0"},"jurisdiction_evidence":null,"cost_structure":null,"cost_withdrawn":null,"cost_correction":null,"carbon_correction":null,"carbon_official_reference":null,"partial_cost_verified":null,"cost_pillar_calculation":null,"evidence":{"source_reliability":"Limited","coverage":"Full","coverage_dimensions":3,"last_reviewed":"June 2026","measured_layers":1,"data_layers":3,"layers":[{"layer":"PGIQ Rating opinion","method":"opinion","vintage":"June 2026","freshness":"Current","source_url":"https://powergridiq.com/methodology"},{"layer":"Reliability review","method":"modelled","vintage":"2025","freshness":"Fresh","source_url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/news/policy/40058561"},{"layer":"Connection friction","method":"proxy","vintage":"2025/26","freshness":"Fresh","source_url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/news/policy/40058561"},{"layer":"Realized cost","method":"measured","vintage":"2026","freshness":"Fresh","source_url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/business/economy/40064550"}]},"outlook":"Positive","confidence":"Med","under_review":false,"thesis":"Southeast Asia's data-centre magnet right now (AWS, a wave of BOI-approved projects), with moderate ERC-set tariffs. The limits are transmission constraints for hyperscale load and a gas-heavy grid.","pillars":{"access":52,"availability":58,"cost":60,"momentum":85,"carbon":45},"pillar_rationale":{"access":"Access constrained by transmission, not generation: the Eastern Economic Corridor grid was built for conventional industry, and EGAT is investing tens of billions of baht to upgrade it; a 2,000 MW direct-PPA pilot is opening.","availability":"Adequate generation availability, with delivery to concentrated hyperscale campuses the real constraint.","cost":"Moderate cost: ERC-set national tariffs around 4 baht per kWh, with a wide time-of-use spread.","momentum":"Very high momentum: 36 BOI-approved data-center projects worth about 728 billion baht in 2025 and a $5 billion AWS region.","carbon":"Moderate carbon: a gas-heavy grid, with a green direct-PPA pilot underway."},"offtake_opportunity_index":98,"demand_hunger":55,"build_feasibility":77,"supplier_signals":null,"outlook_drivers":{"upgrade":["EGAT transmission upgrades unlock hyperscale sites.","The 2,000 MW direct-PPA pilot expands clean supply."],"downgrade":["Transmission bottlenecks in the EEC slow the largest campuses.","Gas dependence keeps carbon moderate."]},"risks":["Transmission delivery to concentrated loads.","Gas-price and import exposure."],"peers":{"like":"Malaysia and Indonesia (fast-rising Southeast Asian hubs)","ahead":"on momentum and cost","behind":"on transmission capacity and carbon"},"sources":[{"label":"Thailand 2.87 GW data-centre grid overhaul (The Nation)","url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/business/tech/40064983"},{"label":"EGAT grid upgrade for data centres (The Nation)","url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/news/policy/40058561"},{"label":"ERC power tariff 3.95 baht per unit (The Nation)","url":"https://www.nationthailand.com/business/economy/40064550"}],"latest_action":{"date":"June 2026","type":"New rating","note":"New rating: Tier 3 Workable assigned.","trigger":null},"grid":null,"evidence_depth":{"use_case":"project_case","use_case_label":"Standardized Project Case","overall":"M1 Broad","overall_permits":"Directional only: supports discovery, comparison and monitoring, not a project decision.","insufficient_evidence":false,"unassessed_required_fields":[],"project_ready":false,"blocking_fields":["cost","connection","reliability"],"fields":{"cost":"M2 Compiled","connection":"M1 Broad","reliability":"M2 Compiled","carbon":"M2 Compiled","regulatory":"M2 Compiled","local_capacity":"not_assessed"},"by_use_case":{"discovery":{"label":"Discovery and monitoring","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M1 Broad","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["cost","connection"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"market_comparison":{"label":"Market comparison","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M1 Broad","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["cost","connection","reliability"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"project_case":{"label":"Standardized Project Case","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M1 Broad","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["cost","connection","reliability"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"project_case_carbon":{"label":"Project Case with a carbon requirement","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"M1 Broad","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["cost","connection","reliability","carbon"],"insufficient_evidence":false,"why":""},"site_diligence":{"label":"Conditional site diligence","matrix_version":"1.0","tier":"not_assessed","ready":false,"blocking_fields":["cost","connection","reliability","local_capacity"],"insufficient_evidence":true,"why":"not assessed here: local capacity"}},"reliability_layers":{"bulk_historical":{"state":"held","method":"modelled"},"forward_adequacy":{"state":"unknown","method":null},"local_delivery":{"state":"unknown","method":null},"contractual_service":{"state":"unknown","method":null},"designed_site_resilience":{"state":"unknown","method":null}},"definition_version":"carbon_scope@1.0;connection_process@1.0;cost_archetype@1.0;evidence_tiers@1.0;reliability_layers@1.0","scale":"M1 broad / M2 compiled / M3 project-ready / M4 local; cumulative, so each tier includes the ones below it. Assigned per field from held evidence with provenance. Not a rating strength, confidence score or feasibility conclusion."},"next_review":"2026-11-15","report_url":"https://powergridiq.com/rating/thailand","as_of":"June 2026","evidence_layers":{"version":"evidence-layers-1.0","band":{"state":"estimated","label":"Estimated","means":"The band is an analyst estimate against a stated reasoning, not a sourced figure.","reproducible":false},"component":null,"cost_pillar":{"state":"analyst_assessment","label":"Analyst assessment","means":"The score is a judgement recorded with a written cost-specific rationale. It is not calculated from a formula and does not claim to be.","reproducible":false},"layers_are_independent":"Band, component and cost-pillar evidence are separate judgments. A market may have a sound, applicable band and an illustrative component breakdown at the same time. Do not read a component-evidence limitation as a statement about the band."}}